What Is Human Nature - 1735 Words

1. By observing and analyzing the context of previous time periods, anthropology was certainly not created by accident or mistake. At the end of the 18th century, the Enlightenment period was occurring. This produced two products during the time period. First, humans were able to possess a newfound understanding of general principals in which the world works. They wanted to know all about universal human nature, such as why all human beings are alike. Secondly, out of the Enlightenment, we have an intellectual ability to understand the world through science. Defined, science is an empirical methodology in which accurate descriptive data is logically analyzed, resulting in defensible, logical conclusions. The dilemma with answering the†¦show more content†¦2. According to Edward Burnett Tylor, anthropology is considered a â€Å"reformer science†. Tylor means to say this, since anthropology (a science) itself, is meant to benefit reformers. Defined, a reformer is an ind ividual who wants to improve conditions of human beings. Tylor himself suggests that the science of anthropology can provide a service to reformers. One specific problem that reformers face is constituting what actually is improvement to society. Tylor states that both subjective opinion and objective opinion are often confused. From class, we learned all about the Shakers during the early 19th century America. The Shakers planned to improve the quality of marriage by abolishing marriage completely. Meanwhile, the Perfectionists planned to improve marriage by expanding it to everyone (quite the opposite of the Shaker’s motives). All of the men would be married to all of the women. By viewing these two opposing standpoints, which will actually show improvement? According to Tylor, reformers need an objective mechanism to determine what improvement actually is. Tylor also goes onto say that the scientology of anthropology is used to determine human nature. Once human nature is physically discovered, we can use that as a scale to evaluate reform projects. During mid-19th century America, there was widespread segregation and slavery that evolved on the basis that race is a definitive

Christian Worldview And The Natural World - 914 Words

Introduction/Thesis In today’s society, there are many factors that contribute to worldviews. People look at life differently and draw conclusions based on their experiences. A Christian worldview is how a Christian interprets the world and how they decide to interact with others. In a letter to Rome, the Apostle Paul communicates standards that are essential to the Christian worldview. In his correspondence, Paul conveys how certain aspects of a worldview relate to the natural world, human identity, human relationship and culture. As we learn these underlying ideas that shape our worldview, it is important to remember we are God created and as humans our Christian worldview is accomplished through our Creator God, the Spirit of God, the word of God, and the body of God which is His church. God in all His glory affects how we interpret and interact with others. The Natural World In the first chapter of the book of Romans, Paul teaches that people know God because He reveals his very existence in the world he created. In creation God reveals His power and authority over all things. Paul describes the sinful and wicked state the world is in. (NLT, Rom.1:19-23) Through Paul’s eyes, we are able to see how the sinful nature of man has corrupted the natural world and angered God. When we learn these truths, we understand that, even though we live in a sinful world, we do not have to submit to sin. Paul reveals in his letter that the power of God at work in us saves those whoShow MoreRelatedBiblical Vs. Biblical Worldview1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhen one looks at the world through a Biblical lens, they lay a foundation for becoming an agent of change, standing apart from society and pointing others towards Christ. A truly Biblical worldview is one which results in the believer honoring Christ and clearly set apart from the world. Every worldview has a set of underlying assumptions which influence how one sees the world, and a Biblical worldview is no different. What is different is that these assumptions can be tied back to Christ. ThisRead MoreGod Is Red : A Native View Of Religion912 Words   |  4 Pageswithin America has many difficulties including how the Christian and Native perspectives on many issues, including history, time and land, was informative and enlightening. The issues between the conflicting viewpoints on creation, history and how it effects our present American culture has been an interest to me. I want to focus on the chapter on Death and Religion where the contrast between the Christian worldview and the Native worldview have informed and influenced our cultural as a whole andRead MoreA Book Critique of The Advancement: Keeping the Faith in an Evolutionary Age1389 Words   |  6 PagesBush’s Christian apologetic work, The Advancement: Keeping the Faith in an Evolutionary Age, he details the development and apparent fallacy associated with the modern naturalist worldview. Bush, a professor at Southeast Baptist Theological Seminary, focuses on the idea of inevitable progression within the modern worldview and provides an overview of this view’s promulgation within epistemology. Bush asserts Christians are no longer socially the majority in their beliefs regarding a world createdRead MoreWorldview : A Christian Worldview1578 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed the different worldviews that an individual may have. This class has taught me that a worldview is how an individual understands the world and their place in it. â€Å"A worldview consist of what a person believes to be real and true, what a person values, how a person makes decisions, and what forms a person’s desires, longings, and goals† (Fuller, Lecture One). An individual’s worldview is the motivating force behind their every emotion, decision, and action. A worldview is what helps an individualRea d MoreThe Question of Origin According to Hinduism871 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism Worldview The Question of Origin – Hinduism considers no specific moment of origin. They believe everything as timeless and always existing. The oldest religious text of Hinduism are the Vedas (Veda means knowledge) containing hymns to various deities of sun, moon, earth, sky, wind, and night. These deities were not considered the creators, although Brahman is considered the â€Å"all in one force† (Halverson). Brahman is â€Å"the womb of both the existent and the nonexistent† (Shattuck) andRead MoreThe Worldview And Its Impact On My Worldview1608 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years my worldview has evolved from as a by product of cultural influence, to one steeped in my belief of God. However, until I got married 4 years ago, I had never actively worked on developing my Christian theistic worldview. Brown, Phillips and Stonestreet (2008) described a persons’ worldview as the framework that guides our beliefs and viewpoints (p. 21). With this in mind, I have established 3 main tenants of my worl dview, God is, the universe was and morality will be. These are theRead MoreOur Worldview Into The Classroom, A Secular And Christian School Environment930 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s society it is hard to be a teacher; especially, in a secular school. The students in this setting need Christian teachers more than anything. The children today need to have a teacher that has biblical values and understands just how important it is to live by these values. Before stepping foot into a classroom, a teacher really needs to understand that each child’s worldview will make a difference as to how the teacher leads her instruction and how the students processes the instructionRead MoreThe Book Of Romans By Paul1024 Words   |  5 Pagesa biblical worldview can be illustrated by Paul when it comes to explaining the natural world, our human identity, human relationships, and culture. The Natural World With regards to the natural world, Romans 1:20 clearly states that â€Å"For ever since the world was created, people have seen the earth and sky. Through everything God made, they can clearly see his invisible qualities – his eternal power and divine nature. So they have no excuse for not knowing God† (NLT). The world was made perfectRead MoreEssay about 4-Mat Review Entwistle1220 Words   |  5 Pages 4-MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Summary In his book Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, David N. Entwistle explores the necessity of integrating psychology and Christianity, the worldview issues, philosophical foundations, models of integration and discusses the difficulty in doing so. It is often thought that there are secular jobs, such as a psychologist or counselor, and there are ministry jobs. Entwistle points out that God hasRead MoreApol 104 Worldview Assignment1438 Words   |  6 Pages2012    Worldview Assignment   Ã‚  Part I: What is a world view? A worldview is easily described as the person’s perception of the world around them and is the framework for decision making. You can think of a worldview like a pair of glasses. When you look out of those glasses what do you see? Dr. Weider in his presentation gave an example; if your glasses are red then everything around you will be red. (Weider amp; Gotierrez, 2011) This is the same for worldview. Everyone has a worldview if they

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission †Church and State Violation Free Essays

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Church and state violation If the criteria of Matthew and Thomas’ â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy was spread across to all religions, then they could probably get away with it as long as the employment contracts with employees state such. If this were for a school and they had more than 15 employees, then they would have to have posters posted under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 informing employees of their rights with the utilization of the language approved by the EEOC. We will write a custom essay sample on Equal Employment Opportunity Commission – Church and State Violation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the Great Commission Perspective this policy would be advisable. Being raised Baptist, currently non-denominational,some of my old Baptist fundamentalist views came into play. Being raised Baptist, I was taught that it is our rights as Christians to setup outreach ministries, missionaries, and bring as many souls to the kingdom as possible by ministering to people we meet on a day to day basis, even if this means going door to door. This goes hand in hand with several passages from the Bible. In re-reading Genesis 12: 1-3, the Great Commission Perspective, Gen. 8: 14-15 and Matthew 28: 18-20, we see the promise of God for our lives as well as the duties expected of us as Christians. â€Å"And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen. † (Matthew 28: 18-20, KJV). In verse 19, Jesus charges us to teach all nations and baptize them in the name of the trinity. Verse 20 is our assurance, His promise that he is with us always, until the end of the world as we know it. â€Å"And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. â€Å"And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of. (Genesis 28:14-15, KJV). In verse 14 we shall travel all ends of the earth saving souls for Christ and as a result of our faithfulness to God’s word, our children and generations to come will be blessed. Verse 15 is God’s promise that he is with us until the end and will keep us, protect us, and will not forsake us. Other scripture that comes to mind that gives the same instruction based on the Great Commission Perspective is,  "And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. † (Mark 16:15, KJV). We can also look at the book of Luke for the same instructions, â€Å"And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. † (Luke 24:47, KJV). Like Paul, some of us are meant to be apostles, setting up churches for the greater good of the kingdom and overseeing them to ensure that kingdom work is being carried out. Even though Thomas and Matthew have a good idea in regards to their hiring policy of Christians only, in my opinion it would only be foreseeable in a perfect world and in my own utopia. With so many laws that protect others religious beliefs, it makes it hard to turn a profit with such a policy in place, especially if they are looking for federal assistance in regards to utilizing tax payer dollars. My answers would change drastically if Thomas and Matthew were opening a Christian school rather than a manufacturing company. The conditions and laws change in matthew and thomas’ favor greatly. Being a school means that they have the freedom to carry out these hiring policies. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII allows churches and religious organizations to discriminate on the basis of religion (Bagley Savage p. 68). Under the RFRA, Religious Freedom Restoration Act 1993, federal grant programs can exempt Christian relief organizations from prohibitions against hiring only those of its own faith, (p. 136). During the Bush Administration, more funds were appropriated for expansion of religious hiring rights, including issuance of an executive order th at set the policy for federal administration agencies, (Esbeck, Carlson-Thies, Sider). Christian schools need a Christian only hiring policy in my opinion because it protects the morals, values and ethics of the Bible and how each professor uses it in accordance with everyday learning. You have people who study the word and know the word, but don’t live by the word, including some Christians, but when it comes to instructing others on how to live according to the Bible (Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth), then a hiring policy that discriminates against religious preference makes sense. These principles are maintained by the federal government when it comes to hiring for Head Start programs and for the Workforce Investment Act References Carl H. Esbeck Stanley W. Carlson-Thies Ronald J. Sider http://www. religionandsocialpolicy. org/docs/religiousstaffing. pdf How to cite Equal Employment Opportunity Commission – Church and State Violation, Papers

Sustainable Tourism Through Alternative Forms of Tourism free essay sample

Sustainable tourism is only achievable through the development of alternative and new forms of tourism. Critically discuss this statement with reference to one or more examples of alternative tourism in developed or developing countries. The development of Sustainable Tourism has allowed society to meet their own present needs, without compromising such needs of future generations (Weaver and Lawton, 2010). Much attention in relation to sustainable tourism has been devoted to Alternative Tourism. Alternative Tourism aims to preserve environmental, economical and socio-cultural impacts tourists have on a destination. This paper will explore the benefits and criticisms of sustainability by a means of Alternative Tourism and also the threat regarding Alternative Tourism potentially developing into Mass Tourism. Tourists visit foreign countries to obtain a sense of paradise, and dabble in a society that has not yet been corrupted (Buchner, 2003). Sustainable Tourism aims to provide such paradise by meeting the needs of tourists, without effecting the economy, environment and society in a detrimental way. Thus far, Sustainable Tourism has had a vast variety of implications, such as ethical considerations and the suggestion that it may just be a marketing ploy (Lansing and Vries, 2007). It also has been confused with Ecotourism, a form of tourism that places emphasis on a sustainable connection with the natural environment (Weaver and Lawton, 2010). However, Ecotourism is actually a form of Alternative Tourism and potentially Mass Tourism (Weaver and Lawton, 2010) thus fitting with a number of other new forms of tourism. Alternative tourism has emerged and assumed to be effective in developing countries (Britton 1979). Alternative tourism is a substitute to the mass standard tourism, which is tourism that has the implication of culture being co modified and staged for culture consumption (McIntosh and Zahara, 2007), as philosophy and attitudes are dissimilar and the combination of tourist products and/or services are different from Mass Tourism. Forms of Alternative Tourism include Indigenous tourism, Pro-poor tourism, Community-based tourism, Ecotourism, Adventure tourism, Fair-Trade tourism, Educational tourism and Volunteer Tourism (Newsome, Moore and Dowling, 002). For example, Fair-Trade tourism seeks to create a partnership between the local people at destinations, by providing social, cultural and economical benefits through adhering to national laws and establishing strong First World/Third World structures (Mowforth and Munt, 1998). A key focus on changing consumption levels lead to the establishment of tourism Concern’s International Fair Trade in Tourism Network. It found that to preserve attractions of destinations, whilst providing benefits it was substantial to adopt ethical trading practices (www. ourismconcern. org. uk). Another successful alternative form of tourism takes place in Bulgaria. Here, resources for Alternative Tourism are diverse and it combines preserved nature with unique cultural and historical heritage, moderate climates, beautiful landscapes and hospital people who welcome differences and respecting traditions. They implement thematic tourism, which involves a connection between the cultural and historical heritage, the religion, traditional cuisine, wine, traditional music and handcrafts. They focus on the idea that Bulgaria is a place to rest and relax, whilst connecting with nature and that it should thus be a high priority and responsibility to preserve nature (Illev, 2006). This form of tourism is attractive to a tourist whom is seeking to escape the â€Å"daily grind† and thus has made Bulgaria a sustainable income base for such an alternative form of tourism. It is often assumed that the basis of alternative tourism is a â€Å"green† strategy (Butler, 1992), as the objective is to reduce negative impacts environmentally. However, this is not completely the case as preserving the environment is only one of the objectives. The problem with this assumption is that research has indicated the demand for holidays that are â€Å"green† is low, and thus it may not lead to sustainable tourism. This coincides with the statement of some companies suggesting they will only attempt to achieve sustainable tourism if they can see a strong market demand for eco-friendly holidays (Forsythe, 2006). On the other hand, however, consumer activation has indicated that there are actually a number of people increasingly willing to purchase and consume environmentally friendly products. A study from the International Hotels Environment Initiative and Accor has shown 90% of hotel guests to prefer residing in a hotel that has a strong focus on the environment (Mensah, 2004). From such demand the green strategy has become more centralized with a greater willingness to pay a premium for green products, corporate image, employee morale, and customer satisfaction and demand (Manaktola and Jauhari, 2007). Thus, this allows us to conclude that Sustainable Tourism can only be achieved through each alternative form of tourism adapting to meet the demand of the market (Forsythe, 2006). A different, but increasingly popular new form of tourism is Volunteer Tourism. It has been argued that it is vital to a model of alternative cultural tourism, as intrinsic motivation was found to be evoked within the tourist, when such experience was endured, thus being beneficial to both the host and volunteer, and provides a meaningful interaction (Wearing and Neil, 2000). It has been said that traditional interaction between the host and tourist is rewritten through the tourist’s encounter. This is because it is actively contrived together by the host and the tourist (McIntosh and Zahra, 2007). This approach provides the potential opportunity of volunteer tourism fostering creative, alternative and more sustainable types of tourism and tourism activity (McIntosh and Zahra, 2007). Furthermore, it is a form that conforms to the ideology that was promoted by the initial pioneers of Sustainable Tourism and unites with the principles of those who encourage creative tourism as an alternative option of Cultural Tourism (Richard and Wilson, 2006). One of the many criticisms of such new form of tourism, however, involves the ethics of Volunteer tourism as a ‘best practice’ alterative of tourism (Wearing, 2004). Such example involves the idea of viewing Volunteer Tourism as a contributor to the limitation of self-sufficiency in communities. Alternative forms of tourism do have disadvantages and criticisms. These can include clan or group rivalries, advocates being bias and uncritical, modest economic returns, control assumed by local elite, reflections of â€Å"Western† values, and the fact that locals may actually prefer Mass Tourism (Weaver and Opperman, 2000). Furthermore, it can be quite difficult to achieve sustainability through alternative tourism due to inadequate resources, management, control systems and income, and if proper controls are not in place it may be difficult to distinguish between Mainstream Tourism and Alternative Tourism (Leksakundilok, 2006). For example, Backpacking Tourism has created a blur between Mass Tourism and Alternative Tourism (Welk, 2004), as the search for greater and more authentic experiences, as backpackers, pushes them to access remote places, thus ironically contributing to their commercialisation (Zurick, 1995). Alternative tourism is often introduced because tourists are seeking different conventions to what they are use to and also because they have been influenced by marketing concepts that have lead them to believe that conventional and mainstream tourism is irresponsible. The former point derives from the idea that some tourists want to get away from crowded destinations and experience authentic culture. The problem with authentic culture is that what is authentic to some people, may be inauthentic to others (Pearce and Moscardo, 1986), similar to that of what Alternative Tourism appears to be. A successful authentic tourist attraction involves New Zealand Maori tourism. It is a combination of entertainment, arts and crafts, cultural interpretation and accommodation operations and there appears to be a large demand for this type of tourism. However, problems arise when there are misunderstandings about the cultural performances and it can be argued, for example, that on one level all copies of local art are â€Å"authentic† because they convey a meaning of their own (Weaver and Lawton, 2010). For example, the increased demand of Maori cultural performances and products have been a result from an attempt to facilitate economic development for Maori communities and, as such, have been criticized as being a vague insight to the culture, only focusing on traditional cultural perspectives. This has hence lead to the idea that tourists are enduring superficial and stereotypical experiences (McIntosh, 2004). So how can alternative forms of tourism be sustainable if what the alternative is, may not be perceived as authentic? To answer such question and meet tourists demands for authentic and real experiences of culture, Maori communities, for example, are attempting to provide a more engaging, sincere and meaningful interaction between tourists and the Maori people, hence, providing an â€Å"alternative† experience to the stereotypical and superficial performances that have critics rampant (Taylor, 2001). This allows us to conclude that sustainability will only occur if the alternative form is perceived as authentic. Sustainability in any development is generally only successful with support of the local population and if the attitudes of the host population oppose the new forms of tourism, the development may stop (Gyrsoy and Rutherford, 2004). Furthermore, new forms of tourism are suggested to not be able to be sustained unless it is urbanized through local initiatives, which are consistent and harmonious with the local environment, community and cultures. For example, Volunteer Tourism is centralised around the essence that contributions to the host communities exist in form of socio-cultural, economical and environmental benefits, however for sustainability to occur a â€Å"moral agenda† or a â€Å"practical route map† must be addressed and treated with utmost importance (Macbeth, 1994). Through such emphasis, a strong and reciprocated relationship between the tourists participating, and the host community can be developed, and has shown that Volunteer tourism, as an alternative and new form or tourism, can not only improve aspects of the hosts’ communities environmentally, but also provide a vast variety of social and personal benefits to the participant, which include social network systems and an increased understanding of social and environmental issues (McGehee, 2002). The biggest problem with Sustainable Tourism being achieved through alternative forms of tourism is the major factor of time. How long can new forms of tourism remain alternatives from Mass Tourism? The more global issues are being recognised from impacts of tourism, the more tourists are becoming aware of how they travel (McGehee, 2002). Thus the emergence of Ecotourism occurred in order to keep impacts of the tourist activity at bay. Nevertheless, even with such emergence, the more popular the activity becomes, the more impacts it may have, for example the sensitizing of ecosystems, stressing wildlife, contributing to soil erosion, deteriorating the quality of water and exacerbating coral reef destruction (Debarbieri, 2008). However, if a control system is in place and management is of a high importance, destinations of alternative forms of tourism can provide a sustainable base where both Mass Tourism is prevented and the impacts of such are avoided, through the alternative forms of tourism (Westerhausen, 2002). In conclusion sustainability is achieved through alternative forms of tourism, however whether or not the negatives out number the positives is yet to be concluded. This paper explored both the benefits and detrimental issues that are extracted from new forms of tourism, however it can be set in stone that if a control system is in place and importance is imposed on a highly managed route system to sustainability, Alternative Tourism is definitely a method of achieving such objective.